"GREEN" LOGISTICS: ESSENCE, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Abstract

The essence of "green" logistics is considered in the article.

The share of harmful emissions by various types of transport, including road transport, air transport, water and rail transport, is indicated.

The projects of the companies DHL, Green Cargo, Toyota, Deutsche Bahn Schenker Rail, K Line in the field of "green" logistics were considered.

The root causes of environmental problems that affect the development and implementation of green logistics concepts in Ukraine have been clarified, among which we can note: subordination of environmental priorities to economic expediency, failure to take into account the consequences for the environment in legislative and regulatory acts; the predominance of resource- and energy-intensive industries in the structure of the economy with a mostly negative impact on the environment; physical and moral wear and tear of fixed assets in all branches of the national economy; inefficient state management system in the field of environmental protection and regulation of the use of natural resources; a low level of understanding in society of the priorities of environmental protection and the benefits of balanced (sustainable) development, the imperfection of the system of environmental education and enlightenment; unsatisfactory level of compliance with environmental legislation and environmental rights and responsibilities of citizens; unsatisfactory control over compliance with environmental legislation and failure to ensure the inevitability of liability for its violation; insufficient financing from the state and local budgets of environmental protection measures, financing of such measures on a residual basis.

The goals of "Green" logistics are characterized, which include: waste minimization and consideration of the recycling policy; reducing traffic; reduction of emissions; creating a circular economy; support of environmentally conscious business practices; optimization of resource use; involvement in responsible business conduct; ensuring energy efficiency and innovation.

The comparative characteristics of logistics and "green" logistics are considered, the main aspects of the comparison of which are: purpose and orientation; use of resources; transport; packaging and waste; objectives.

The advantages and disadvantages of "green" logistics are formulated. Among the advantages, the following were highlighted: reduction of environmental impact, promotion of sustainable development, saving of resources, improvement of reputation, compliance with regulations. Among the shortcomings, the following were highlighted: high costs, limited technological capabilities, the need for changes in production, the complexity of logistics management, and the lack of standards.

Measures to minimize the negative impact on the environment are presented.